![]() Your guide points out a lichen growing on a tree trunk and comments that lichens are actually a type of fungi. Is this a mutant strain of yeast? No, because yeast do not normally form hyphae. In the first dish she evaluates, she notices that the yeast do not form hyphae. A researcher is looking at different petri dishes that contain the yeast C. ![]() How are nutrients transported through fungi? through hyphae, as a result of turgor pressure 41. Recall that the phloem sap of vascular plants moves through the phloem as a result of turgor pressure. What is a possible mechanism of action for anti-fungal drugs? inhibiting the synthesis of chitin in fungi 40. Many antibiotics work by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a component of the bacterial cell wall. increasing nutrient uptake by early plant species. In some of the earliest plant fossils, there is evidence of mycorrhizal associations. Their high ratio of surface area to volume allows them to decompose large amounts of dead/decaying material, thereby returning carbon to the atmosphere. What is the primary reason that fungi are important in the carbon cycle? Fungi are able to reach incredibly large sizes. Some produce a flattened photosynthetic structure called a: B. How do sphagnum mosses contribute to the carbon cycle? They acidify their environment, which limits decomposition and CO2 release from peat bogs. Plants that grow on other plants for structural support, but do not consume nutrients or energy from them, are called: C. Which of the following traits would never be found in a bryophyte? a free-living sporophyte 35. have higher temperatures and lower rainfall. Without the higher rates of transpiration exhibited by angiosperms, many tropical regions would: A. Although the appearance of angiosperms coincided with a decrease in the overall diversity of other groups of plants, their appearance also influenced the evolution of new species of non-angiosperm plants. Which of the following statements is true regarding angiosperms? C. Which of the following plants were present on Earth 350 million years ago? E. Based on a lack of _in their fossil record, the earliest land plants are thought to have only been able to maintain photosynthesis intermittently. Which of the following statements is true for cycads and ferns, but not for conifers or ginkgo? Their total diversity has declined since its peak, even as the extant diversity consists of recent radiations coinciding with the diversification of angiosperms. Some species of Acacia have coevolved with species of _ that actively defend the plant from browsing animals and even vines. The white, sticky, toxic liquid that runs through extracellular canals and is particularly common in plants of the milkweed family is called: D. What makes these insects so toxic? Monarch caterpillars store cardenolides from milkweeds. You may have heard that monarch butterflies (and their caterpillars) are "poisonous" to many predators. The high silica content in grasses and the thick enamel layer on horse teeth are examples of: an evolutionary arms race. Choose the option that places the following events in plant defense in the correct order. The first line of plant defense against pathogen infection is (are) the: A. What likely caused these spots and necrotic patches? The plant is demonstrating a hypersensitive response. On a tobacco plant leaf, she notices several small brown spots surrounded by what appears to be necrotic or dying tissue. ![]() A tobacco farmer is walking through her fields. You expect that this protein could be: inserted in the plant cell endoplasmic reticulum. You are studying a plant protein that contains motifs similar to known receptors for chitin. In an experiment, you find that exposing leaves to methyl salicylic acid vapor prior to exposing them to a pathogen results in an avirulent infection, whereas exposing untreated control leaves to the same pathogen results in virulent infection. _ are chemical signaling molecules that influence physiology and development. ![]()
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